A vocabulary for scent.

These labels describe styles and relative concentration, but there is no single universal formula shared by every fragrance house.

Eau de Cologne

Often light, brisk and citrus-led. It is commonly chosen for a refreshing effect and may invite generous reapplication.

Eau de Toilette

Usually airy and easy to wear, with a clear opening and a lighter trail than richer interpretations of the same scent.

Eau de Parfum

Often fuller through the heart and base, balancing presence with everyday wearability. The name alone does not guarantee a set duration.

Parfum

Typically composed for greater density and intimacy, with the deeper facets of a formula given more room to unfold.

Extrait de Parfum

A highly concentrated style that can feel textural and close to the skin. Extrait does not automatically mean louder projection.

Notes are a way of describing how a perfume reveals itself over time; they are not always a literal ingredient list.

Top notes

The first impression: volatile materials such as citrus, herbs or bright spices that introduce the fragrance.

Heart notes

The central character that emerges as the opening settles, often carrying florals, aromatics, fruits or spices.

Base notes

The slower, lasting foundation. Woods, amber effects, musks, resins and gourmand materials often live here.

Families help narrow the field. Many memorable fragrances sit across several at once.

Fresh

Clean, airy effects that can suggest water, green leaves, cool air or freshly washed fabric.

Citrus

Sparkling bergamot, lemon, orange, mandarin, grapefruit and related peel-like brightness.

Woody

Cedar, sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli and dry timber effects, from polished to earthy.

Amber

Warm, enveloping accords often shaped with resins, vanilla, balsams, spice and soft woods.

Floral

Single-flower studies or bouquets built around rose, jasmine, iris, tuberose and many others.

Gourmand

Edible-seeming facets such as vanilla, cacao, coffee, caramel, nuts or toasted sweetness.

Oud

Dark, resinous wood effects that may feel smoky, leathery, animalic, medicinal or softly balsamic.

Musk

A broad family of clean, warm, powdery or skin-like materials that can add softness and diffusion.

Aromatic

Herbal and tonic freshness associated with lavender, rosemary, sage, mint and related materials.